Depression can be hard to recognize — in yourself or someone you love. Understanding what to look for is the first step toward getting better.
Sadness is a perfectly normal reaction to life's struggles, setbacks, and disappointments. Many people use the word "depression" to explain these feelings — but depression is much more than sadness.
Depression is an overwhelming feeling that can appear even when everything in your life seems fine. Some depressed people don't feel sad at all — they may feel lifeless, empty, apathetic, or even angry and restless.
Whatever the symptoms, depression differs from normal sadness in that it engulfs your day-to-day life, interfering with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and enjoy the things you once loved. The feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness are intense and unrelenting — but they can get better with the right support.
Knowing which type of depression you may be experiencing can help you seek the most effective treatment. Click any card to learn more.
Major depression is characterized by the inability to enjoy life and experience pleasure. The symptoms are constant, ranging from moderate to severe. Left untreated, major depression typically lasts about six months. Some people experience just a single depressive episode in their lifetime, but more commonly it is a recurring disorder. Major depression is highly treatable with therapy, medication, or a combination of both.
Dysthymia is a type of chronic, more mild depression. More days than not, you feel mildly or moderately depressed, although you may have brief periods of normal mood. Symptoms are not as intense as major depression but last much longer — sometimes years. Some people experience "double depression," where major depressive episodes occur on top of dysthymia. If you suffer from dysthymia, you may feel like you've "always been this way" — but dysthymia is treatable, even if symptoms have gone unaddressed for years.
Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic depression, is characterized by cycling mood changes. Episodes of depression alternate with manic episodes, which can include impulsive behavior, hyperactivity, rapid speech, and little to no sleep. Typically the switch from one mood extreme to another is gradual, with each episode lasting at least several weeks. When depressed, a person with bipolar disorder exhibits the usual symptoms of major depression. Effective treatments exist and many people with bipolar disorder live full, productive lives.
Depression shows up differently for everyone. These are the most commonly recognized signs — experiencing several of these regularly may indicate depression.
Hearing from someone who has lived through depression can be one of the most powerful reminders that recovery is possible. Jaci shares her personal story and how volunteering became a meaningful part of her mental wellness journey.
Depression is a major risk factor for suicide. The deep feeling of hopelessness that accompanies depression can make it feel like there's no way out — but there is always help available. Take any suicidal talk or behavior seriously and learn to recognize the warning signs.
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